Gerber vs ODB++

The format you hand a fabricator shapes how much can go wrong before the board is built. The two dominant options are Gerber and ODB++. They solve the same problem — describing a board for manufacture — very differently.

Gerber RS-274X

Gerber is an image format. Each layer is a separate file describing draws and flashes with embedded aperture definitions. It is universal, human-inspectable, and supported everywhere, but it is just imagery — it carries no inherent knowledge of nets, components, or stackup. Drill data and netlist travel as separate files, so consistency depends on the person assembling the package.

ODB++

ODB++ is an intelligent, hierarchical database. A single structure holds copper, mask, drill, netlist, stackup, and component data with the relationships between them intact. That richness means fewer ambiguities in CAM and fewer round-trips.

Side by side

Which to use

For simple boards or maximum compatibility, Gerber plus a separate drill and IPC-D-356 netlist is perfectly workable. For dense, high-layer-count, or controlled-impedance designs, ODB++ removes whole classes of error by keeping intent and geometry together.

Whichever you choose, include the stackup and fabrication notes so CAM has full build intent, not just images.